Preparation of aminoalkyl acids and derivatives thereof



United States Patent PREPARATIGN 0F AMINOALKYL ACIDS DERIVATIVES THEREOF Robert L. Sundherg, Plainfield, N. .L, and Max E. Chiddix, Easton, and Earl P. Williams, Pen Argyl, Pa., assignors to General Aniline & Film Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application November 19, 1956 Serial No. 622,735

17 Claims. (Cl. 260-501) AND wherein R stands for an alkyl radical having at least three carbon atoms, R and R represent hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical, and R and R must total at least 6 carbon atoms, A is an aliphatic group of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, amylene and hexylene, X is the radical -SO or CO and M is hydrogen or a salt-forming group selected from ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. We prefer to prepare the foregoing compounds in accordance with the following reaction:

The epoxide compound reacts smoothly with N-substituted aminoalkyl compounds in aqueous form under mild reaction conditions. Addition of isopropanol to the aqueous media aids the reaction. Other water-miscible solvents for the epoxide may be used such as alcohols, e. g. methanol, ethanol and n-propanol, ketones, e. g. acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and diethyl ketone, are also suitable. The main function of the isopropanol appears to be solubilization of the epoxide into the aqueous reaction mixture. While the reaction temperature is not critical, good reaction was obtained at temperatures of 50 to 100 C.,

and particularly at temperatures of 75 to 85 C. The reaction was completed in less than four hours. Conveniently, the epoxide is added dropwise to the mixture of isopropanol and aqueous amino acid. This minimized certain side reactions such as hydrolysis of the epoxide and avoided sudden evolution of heat.

The epoxides which may be employed to produce the compounds of the instant invention are prepared by reaction of epichlorohydrin with an alkylated phenol in the presence of caustic according to the followingequation:

Examples of phenols which are suitable starting materials are: 2,4-dibutylphenol, p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol, p-nonylphenol, 2,4-diamylphenol, dodecylphenol, dinonylphenol, 3-pentadecylphenol, heptylphenol, nonylcresol, butylcresol, octadecylphenol, di-dodecylphenol and dodecylcresol. Also, other monoalkyl'and di-alkylphenols prepared from a phenol and propylene polymers (e. g. dipropylene, tripropylene and tetrapropylene) butylene polymers (e. g. dibutylene and tributylene) and propylene-butylene mixed polymers are also suitable phenols.

Examples of taurines which are suitable for reaction with the above epoxides are N-methyl taurine, N-ethyl taurine, N-isopropyl taurine, N-butyl taurine, N-hexyl taurine, Z-methyl taurine, N-methyl-Z-methyl taurine, N-methyl-Z-ethyl taurine, N-methyl-l,2-dimethyl taurine and derivatives thereof. Taurine derivatives which can be used in the process of our invention are in the form of their sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, magnesium, or tertiary amine salts. Suitable amines include trimethyl amine, triethyl amine and dimethyl ethanolamine. When ammonium, primary amine, and secondary amine salts are desired, they can be readily prepared from the inner salt by simple neutralizationwith the appropriate amine or ammonia. The inner salt is prepared by careful acidification of the initial product. Suitable primary and secondary amines include n-butylamine, n-dodecyiamine, n-octadecylamine, diethylamine, dioctylamine, dilaurylamine, dioctadecylamine, ethylene diamine, ethanolamine, morpholine, methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, amines prepared from oxoaldehydes, branched chain amines, diethylene triamine, 3-dimethylaminopropylamine and the like.

Examples of aminoalkylcarboxylic acids are glycine, a and fi-alanine sarcosins, 'y-aminobutyric acid, e-aminocaproic acid and the like. Esters of the foregoing carboxylic acids are also useful in the preparation of the compounds of this invention.

Our invention will now be illustrated, but not limited, by the following examples.

Example I Into a 2-liter round bottom flask equipped with stirrer,

4 with 1 N hydrochloric acid converting'it to the inner acid), toxaphene (Chlorinated camphelle to react with 27.6 g. (0.1 mole) of 3-(p-nonylphenoxy)- bamate), Methoxychlor (1,1,1-trichloro-2,3-bis(p-methpropylene oxide. The mixture was stirred hours at oxyphenyl)ethane, etc., and are effective dispersants to 83 C. Addition of 20 ml. of water gave a clear solupesticidal powders, such as those containing the above? tion. The mixture was further heated for 5 hours and toxicants. r

3 4 thermometer, condenser and addition funnel was placed stances which per se are insoluble in water (such as hy 459 grams (1 equivalentbased on secondary amino condrocarbons, higher alcohols, oils, fats, Waxes and resins)- tent) of aqueous methyl taurine solution and 400 milliinto creamy emulsions, :clear solutions or fine, stable liters of isopropanol. The contents of the flask were dispersions; for carbomzlng; for dye1ng; for the pastlngz heated to 75 C. and a total of 276.4 grams (1.0 mole) 5 of dyestuffs, for fulling, sizing, impregnating and bleach of 3-(p-nonylphenoxy)-propylene oxide was added dIOping treatments; as cleansing agents in hard water; in tan wise at a temperature of 74 to 82 C. over a period of ning and mordantmg processes; for dyeing cellulose ace- 1 /3 hours. The reaction was then stirred for 2% hours tate With insoluble dyestuffs; for the preparation of] atreflux (82 to 85 C.). dyestuffs in finely divided form; for producing foam The s lvents were distilled von at reduced pressure for fi extinguishers; as a means o i pr ving th until excessive foaming occurred. The final product a sorptive power of fibrous bodies; and as an aid In (flask residue) Weighed 788.5 grams; The aqueous prod- Softening Paths fo hl es and sklns.

uct gave excellent foam by the Ross-Miles method. The p these Pl' are falllable smlllslfiers; cotton detergency and wetting tests showed unusually high for mssctlclde composltwns and agrlcultural p y h Performance as, for example, DDT (2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)11,11 A 79 g. portion of the product was adjusted to pH trichlsrofithane), 2,44) dichlomphenoxy acetlc salt or zwitterion. It was then evaporated to dryness. Chlordane (contains 0f r The dry white waxy product was dissolved in 300 ml. y dormant of anhydrous ethanol to remove the sodium chloride. P Y I11C0t'111e111fat6 y 'fi-p y To the alcoholic solution was added 18.5 g. of lauryl PYITOlldQne Sulfate), Dleldllll 8 of 3. 1; amine to form the lauryl amine salt of N-methyl-N-(Z- 10,10 f P Y l hydroxy-B-p-nonylphenoxy propyl)-taurine. This prodhydro-1,4,5,8-d1metha110naPhlha1eHe), Aldrln not was every effective in emulsifying vegetable oils 1 heXaChlOfO heXahydro 1 1 5 or mineral i i watel; S-dhnethanonaphthalene), Lindane (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlo-f' rocyclohexane, 99% gamma isomer), B. H. C.' (mixed Example H isomers of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane), Hepta' Following the procedure of Example I, 19.8 grams chlor (composition of unknown constitution made b (0.1 equivalent) of taurine, sodium salt dissolved in Velsicol Corp.), 1. P. C. (isopropyl N-phenyl carbamabout 80 milliliters of 1:1 isopropanol-water was caused ate), Chloro I. P. C. (isopropyl-N-(3-chl'orophenyl) ca thenallowed tocool to a gel. These products are valuable for use as additives to I Example HI petroleum products, as additives for fuel oils, lubrica lng OllS, greases, as addltlves to the water or brine used Followlng the Pmcedurf? Q P 50 grams for oil recovery from oil-bearing strata by flooding tech mole) of aqueous sarcosme, sodium salt and 40 millli lllers 0f ISOPFOPFMIO1 were Combined with grams 40 Othervaluable uses are in metal cleaning compositions (0 1 mole) of 3-( -nonylphen xy)pr pyl n 0X1d6- The dry cleaning compositions; additives for rubber latices; mlxture Wa h at d 70 0 a tolfill of foam inhibitors for synthetic rubber latex emulsions; 21 /2 fesulilng cloudy 5011mm f 'dlluted froth flotation agents; additives for road building mate-1 with 10 mlllillters of-lsopropanol and 20 milliliters of Iia1 ;.a ai1' entraining agents for concrete or cement; distilled Water. The reaction mixture'became clear. The ddi i t asphalt, ompositions; plasticizers and modia p q Was dried Whlte PoWder (Weight 43 grams) fiers for vinyl plastics, alkyd resins, phenol-formaldehyde that dlspersed well in water and gave good foam. resins, and other types of polymeric-type plastic mat Example 1V rials; for incorporation into adhesives, paint, linoleum;

1 for use in bonding agents used in various msulatlngzan Followmg the Procedure of Example to grams building materials; as refining aids in wood digesters to 9 Q fi' P were added .14 7 m1111hters prepare pulp; as additives to pulp slurries in beating-- N NaOH q l. 125 mllllllters of technlcal operations to prevent foaming and also to aid the beatlsopropanol and 50 milliliters of distilled water. The ing Operation i ki as id i h preparatioj resulting mixture was heated to 80 C. and then 95.6 f viscoseidope grams -tpp p wp py oxide These products are also useful as'emulsifiers for em added P Theiadditlon a complete in 40 Ininsion polymerization, as mercerizing assistants, wetting utes. The reaction mixture was stirred 7 hours at reflux. a ents, rewetting agents, dispersing agents, detergents? The mixture was placed in a separatory funnel and the penetrating agents, softening agents, lime soaps, disperse lower layer drawn off. The upper layer was washed ants,'dishwashing agents, anti-static agents, disinfectants; and then dr1ed. The product was found to inhibit rusting insecticides, mothproofing agents, bacteriocides, fungiof steel. cides and biocides.

As will be seen from the structural formula of the They are valuable as anti-fogging agents for useon compounds of the instant invention, they are surface glass and other surfaces where the accumulation of active agents which are ampholytic, i. e. that theycan aqueous fog is detrimental. They are useful in the be useful as anionic surfactants, cationicv surfactants or rayon industry as additives to the dope or to thespinning in the zwitterion form. bath and as aids in clarifying viscose .rayon. They, am"

The products made by this process are valuable artiof value in hydraulic fluids to improve viscosity: c cles of commercial interest and have many varied uses. acteristics. i The possible applications of these new substances are These products are especially useful in breakingpetroextremely varied. The most conspicuous property of leum emulsions. They may be used .to break emulsion: these new products is their great activity at surfaces and of crude petroleum and salt Water as obtained from oil interfaces which promotes their use in a large field of wells, ortoprev'ent water-in-oil emulsions resulting rises the technical arts. For instance, they can be used as acidization of oil wells by introducing the agentinto wetting, frothing, or washingagents in the treating and well, or to break or prevent emulsions which-would,

processing of textiles; for converting liquid or solid subsult from a waterfloodingprocess for recovering oil-fr a oil-bearing strata. They may also be used'to break emul sions encountered in a petroleum refining process;

They are useful as corrosion inhibitors, as rust inhibitors, in the protection of metals especially ferrous metals, in acid pickling baths, in acid cleaning compositions, and in electro-plating baths.

Other valuable uses are as solvents or'in solvent compositions, as cleaning agents for paint brushes, as additives for paints, lacquers, and varnishes; as lubricants, as greases and stuffing agents. Q 3

These products are valuable in the preparation of skin creams, lotions, salves and other cosmetic preparations such as home hair-wave sets, shampoos, toothpastes, etc. They may also be ofvalue in food products as foaming agents, emulsifying agents, and softening agents.

They may be used as aids in conditioning of soil; as aids in the grinding, milling'or cutting of metals either in aqueous solution, emulsions or in oils; as aids in the fixing of dyes to leather and natural or synthetic fibers; as aids in level dyeing of fibers; as aids in stimulating plant growth; as an additive to cement to improve the strength of the resulting concrete or to improve its hardening time or its resistance to freezing and thawing or scaling; as curing aids and penetrants for use in fertilizer.

It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is merely given by way of illustration and that many variations may bemade therein without departing from the spiritof our invention. i

Having described our invention, what we desire to secure by Letters Patent is: h

1. Process for the preparation of the general formula j p q compounds having wherein Rprepresents an alkyl radical having at least three carbon atoms, R and R are selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and a lower alkyl radical, and R and R must total at least 6carbon atoms, A is an Baliphatic group of froml to 6 .carbon atoms selected from the class consisting of methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, amylene and hexylene, Xis a radical selected from the group consisting of -SO and CO and M is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and a wherein R stands for an alkyl radical having at least three carbon atoms, R: and R represent a radical of the class consisting of hydrogen and a lower alkyl radical, and R and R must total at least 6 carbon atoms, A is an aliphatic group of from 1 to 6 cai'bon atoms selected from the class consisting of methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, amylene and hexylene, X is a radical selected from the class consisting of SO;, and CO and M is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and a salt-forming group selected from the class consisting of tertiary aliphatic amines, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, which comprises reacting an alkylphenoxypropylene oxide with an aqueous solution of a compound of the formula III-A-X-M a wherein R A, X and M are as above.

3. Processfor the preparation of compounds having the general formula nt (])0 Hz-C HC HzlTTA-XM wherein R stands for an alkyl radical having at least three carbon atoms, R and R represent a radical of the class consisting of hydrogen and a lower alkyl radical, and R and R must total at least 6 carbon atoms, A is an aliphatic group of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms selected from the class consisting of methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, amylene and hexylene, X is a radical selected from the class consisting of -SO;, and --CO and M is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and a salt-forming group selected from the class consisting of tertiary aliphatic amines, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, which comprises reacting an alkylphenoxypropylene oxide with an aqueous solution of a compound of the formula I the general formula wherein R stands for an alkyl radical having at least three carbon atoms, R and R represent a radical of the class consisting of hydrogen and a lower alkyl radical, and R and R must total at least 6 carbon atoms, A is an aliphatic group of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms selected from the class consisting of methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, amylene and hexylene, X is a radical selected from the class consisting of SO;.; and CO and M is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and a salt-forming group selected from the class consisting of tertiary aliphatic amines, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, which comprises reacting an alkylphenoxypropylene oxide with an aqueous solution of a compound of the formula wherein R A, X, and M are as above, containing a Watermiscible solvent for the alkylphenoxypropylene oxide, selected from the group consisting of lower aliphatic alcohols and ketones.

5. Process for the preparation of compounds having the general formula V i R e (|)CHOHOH:I]IAXM v Rs R1 7 wherein R stands for an alkyl radical having at least three carbon atoms, R and R represent a radical of. the class consisting of hydrogen and a lower alkyl radical, and R and R must total at least 6 carbonv atoms,. A is an aliphatic" group of from "1 to 6 carbon atoms'selected' from the class consisting of methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene; amylene and hexylene, X is a radical selected from the class consisting of --SO and -CO and M is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and a salt-forming group selected from the class consisting of tertiary aliphatic amines, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, which comprises reacting an alkylphenoxypropylene oxide with an aqueous solution of a compound of the formula wherein R A, X and M are as above, containing a watermiscible solvent for the alkylphenoxypropylene oxide, at"

a temperature of 50 to 100 C. Y

6. Process for the preparation of N-substitutedamino-r alkylsulfonic acid, which comprises reacting an. aminoalkylsulfonic acid with an epoxide prepared by reacting.

'epichlorhydrin with an alkyl phenol,

7. Process for the preparation of N-substituted amino,-

alkylcarboxylic acid, which comprises reacting an amino droxy-3-p-nonylphenoxypropyl)taurine.

n01 in the presence of a Water-miscible solvent for the, epoxide. f

10, Process for thepreparat'ion of N-substit u'fd amiss: alkylsulfonic acid, which comprises eacting" an aqueous solution of a. taurine saltfwitli 3:(p-nohy1 nenox pi pylene oxide in the "presence'of isopfr'opanol. 11, Process for the preparation ofN substitiitedainin alkylsulfonic acid, which comprises reactingan aqueous solution oi methyl taurine with' ;non 1henoxy7-pr pylene oxide in the presence ofdsopropanol at a temper tureof5t)to100C. v

12, Process for the preparation ofN-substiftutedamirioallrylsulfonic acid, which comprisesv reaetingfian aqueous solution of taurine, sodium salt with'3-(p-noriylpherioxyfpropylene oxide in the presence of isopi'opanol @ifa te' perature of to 1005C. f H 13. A compound of the general formula on v a, L i o-onr-bn-eng-N -n -xm R1 4 I wherein R represents an alkyl radical having atleasti three carbon atoms, R, and R are selected from the clas s" consisting of hydrogen and a lower alkyl radical and I and R must total atleast ,6 carbon atoms, A' is an {all phatic group of from 1 to 6 carbonatoms; selected the class consisting ,of methylene, ethylene propylene, butylene, amylene and hexylene, X is a ratlical. from the group consisting of SO and CO and-M i selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and a salt- I forming group selected" from the class consisting of ter-' tiary aliphatic amines, alkali metals and alkaline earth';' metals. 7 v

14. A compound which is a salt of? N-'(2-'hydroxy-3-pnonylphenoxypropyl) aminoalkylsulfonic acid. 15. A compound which is a salt of N-(Z-hydroxy-B-pnonylphenoxypropyl )aminoalkylcarbo rylic acidr v. .16. ,A compound which is asalt of N-(g-nyn' a 's nonylphenoxypropyl)taurine. i j 3 I i 17. A compound which is the sodiumsaltpfi N- t -h No references cited; 

1. PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA
 13. A COMPOUND OF THE GENERAL FORMULA 